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Bahasa Arab adalah bahasa internasional dengan jumlah penuturnya yang sangat banyak yang tersebar di seluruh bagian dunia, baik itu penutur asli ataupun sebagai bahasa kedua bagi orang asing atau non-penutur asli.
Bahasa Arab juga terdaftar sebagai bahasa internasional di PBB. Dari segi pendidikan banyak penduduk di suatu negara yang maoritas muslim yang non-Arab yang mempelajari dan mendalami bahasa Arab untuk mendalami ilmu agama Islam, katakanlah seperti Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam.
Di negara-negara Islam, Bahasa Arab bahkan menjadi mata pelajaran di sekolah-sekolah dan program studi di universitas. Artinya apa? Artinya bahasa Arab menjadi sebuah konsentrasi ilmu yang diperhatikan dan sangat diminati di dunia pendidikan.
Ayat alquran tentang mengapa seorang muslim mesti mempelajari bahasa Arab:
• Q.S Yusuf : 2
• Q.S Asy-Syua’ara : 195
• Q.S Az-Zumar : 28
Urgensi Belajar Bahasa Arab
Semakin kesini, bahasa Arab semakin banyak diminati, bukan hanya oleh dunia muslim tapi dunia internasional, tidak hanya di dunia pendidikan tapi juga dalam perekonomian internasional dan peradaban. Berikut beberapa arti penting belajar bahasa Arab yang harus diketahui;
1. Bahasa Arab merupakan bahasa rumpun semit yang masih mempertahankan sejarah linguistik dan keaslian gramatikalnya sejak zaman klasik.
2. Bahasa Arab merupakan bahasa utama bagi banyak suku dan bangsa, terutama di jazirah arab dan timur.
3. Dalam sebuah hadist, Rasulullah SAW bersabda: Cintai orang Arab karena 3 hal, karena aku (rasulullah) orang Arab, Al-Qur’an berbahasa Arab, dan bahasa penduduk surga adalah bahasa Arab.
Dari hadist ini kita ketahui bahawa bahasa Arab berkontribusi untuk meningkatkan nilai dan posisinya di antara orang Arab dan orang Islam.
4. Bahasa Arab berperan penting dalam penyebaran dan kebangkitan Islam di seluruh dunia. Banyak peradaban, terutama Eropa, telah mendorong orang Eropa untuk belajar dan memahami bahasa Arab untuk mempelajari banyak ilmu yang ditulis dalam bahasa Arab.
5. Bahasa Arab punya ciri linguistik spesial yang membuatnya berbeda dari bahasa internasional lainnya, yang bisa ditemukan pada gramtikal (nahwu dan sharaf) kosa kata dan kata-katanya.
6. Banyak ditemukan kata-kata dalam rumpun bahasa Semit, yang mana kata-katanya berasal dari bahasa Arab, hal ini berperan untuk memperkuat hubungan antara bahasa Arab dan bahasa internasional lainnya.
Karakteristik Bahasa Arab
Bahasa Arab memiliki karakteristik yang dapat membedakannya dengan bahasa lainnya, bahkan tidak dimilki oleh bahasa lain di dunia, sehingga membuat bahasa Arab spesial;
1. Bunyi (الأصْوَات)
Diantara ciri atau karakteristik dasar bahasa Arab adalah sistim dan aturan pelafalannya yang sangat penting dalam aturan linguistik, penggunaan lidah, tenggorokan dan laring digunakan dalam membetuk bunyi huruf dan kata yang berbeda. Ini dikenal sebagai Makharijul huruf dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab.
2. Kosakata (المفردات)
Kosakata adalah kata-kata yang menyusun bahasa Arab. Kamus bahasa Arab adalah kamus linguistik terkaya saat ini dengan lebih dari 1 juta lebih kosakata dasar. Dari kosakata dasar tersebut muncul turunan-turunannya yang menghasilkan kosakata baru. Ini dibahas di dalam ilmu shorof, atau lihat sekilas tentang 35 wazannya di artikel sebelumnya.
3. Lafaz (اللفظ)
Lafaz adalah metode pengucapan bahasa Arab. Pelafalan kata bahasa Arab mengikuti penggunaan tindak tutur linguistik. Tindak tutur artinya harokat (tasykil), seperti fathah, dhummah, kasrah dan sebagainya. Maka, pengucapan kata bahasa Arab mengikuti harokat atau baris atau tasykil tersebut. Harokat menjadi tanda dalam i’rob dan mempermudah dalam pelafalannya.
4. Sharaf (الصرف)
Sharaf adalah cabang ilmu bahasa Arab yang berkonsentrasi pada pembentukan struktur kata bahasa Arab dan berkaitan dalam menghasilkan kosakata-kosakata dari wazan-wazan yang ada. Kata dasar dalam bahasa Arab terdiri dari 3 huruf namun ada turunan-turunannya yang dapat membentuk kosakata-kosakata baru menggunakan wazan.
5. Nahwu (النحو)
Nahwu adalah cabang ilmu bahasa Arab yang berfokus untuk mengidentifikasi posisi kata dalam kalimat bahasa Arab melalui tanda-tanda tertentu di akhir kata. Nahwu juga disebut sebagai gramatikal bahasa Arab yang sangat mendalam dan keteraturannya konsisten yang tidak ada pada bahasa lain.
Kelebihan Bahasa Arab
Dianatara kelebihan-kelebihan bahasa Arab anatara lain;
1. Bahasa Arab merupakan saksi kejayaan bangsa Arab dan dunia Islam, dengan sejarah, budaya dan peradabannya yang dapat menyatukan seluruh umat Islam di seluruh dunia. Bahasa Arab menjadi komponen penting dalam agama Islam yang bersifat menyatukan.
2. Menjadi bahasa pemersatu di dunia internasional untuk berkenalan dan membenagun relasi dalan bisnis dan sebagainya.
3. Merupakan bahasa yang kaya kana kosakata, gramatikal, dan sejarah peradabannya.
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