Fathah adalah tanda dasar bagi nashab. Sisanya adalah ganti daripada Fathah, yaitu Alif (ا), Kasrah (ِ), Yaa (ي), dan buang huruf nun.
Adapun Fathah(َ) menjadi tanda nashab pada 3 tempat:
Isim mufrad
Jamak taksir
Fi’il mudhari’ jika didahului amil (faktor) nashab dan tidak bersambung dengan apapun setelahnya.
Pada isim Mufrad
Contoh:
رَأَيْتُ الطِّفْلَ = Aku melihat seorang anak kecil.
الطِّفْلَ : Isim mufrad manshub, tanda nashabnya Fathah yang tampak di atas huruf akhir kata tersebut.
Contoh dalam Al-Qur’an: {وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوْبَ} Q.s Al-An’am: 84
{وَإذْ وَاعَدْنَا مُوْسَى} Q.s Al-baqarah: 51
Pada jamak taksir
Contoh: اَمْلِكُ الأَمْوَالَ = Aku memiliki beberapa harta. الأَمْوَالَ : Jamak taksir manshub, tanda nashabnya Fathah yang tampak di atas huruf akhir.
Syaratnya adalah jika didahului amil (faktor) nashab dan tidak bersambung dengan apapun setelahnya.
Jika pada pembahasan tanda rofa’ dengan dhummah, disana fi’il mudhari’ dirofa’ dengan dhummah (ُ) jika tidak bersambung dengan apapun.
Sedangkan disini pada pembahasan tanda nashab dengan Fathah, ada penambahan syarat lainnya. Yaitu: jika didahului amil (faktor) nashab.
Para ulama nahwu mengatakan, ada 2 syarat Fathah(َ) agar bisa menjadi tanda nashab/manshub pada fi’il mudhari’.
Pertama, Jika masuk/didahului oleh amil nashab. Syarat ini wajib, karena tidak bisa nashab jika tidak ada amil nashab yang masuk ke atasnya.
Kedua, Tidak bersambung dengan apapun setelahnya. Maksud “setelahnya” disini adalah nun taukid (نّ) dan nun niswah.
Nun niswah adalah nun pada fi’il (kata kerja) perempuan (يَفْعِلْنَ).
Jika fi’il mudhari’ bersambung dengan nun taukid dan nun niswah. Maka, tidak bisa dinashab dengan fathah.
Contoh: لَنْ يَذْهَبَ الرَّجُلُ
Kalimat ini sudah memenuhi syarat untuk nashab dengan fathah. Ada amil nashab dan tidak bersambung dengan apapun.
لَنْ = Huruf nashab, sebagai amil nashab. بَ = Huruf Ba’ pada fi’il di atas adalah huruf terakhir dan tidak bersambung dengan apapun.
Contoh yang salah: الرَّجُلَانِ لَنْ يَذْهَبَانِ Contoh ini tidak termasuk dalam Fathah sebagai tanda nashab, karena fi’il mudhari’-nya bersambung dengan alif tasniyyah.
Fi’il-fi’il yang berjumlah lima ini dirofa’ dengan tetap huruf nun dan ketika dinashab dengan buang huruf nun.
Contoh af’alul khomsah ketika nashab: أَنْ يَذْهَبَا = Dua lelaki itu akan pergi
Penjelasan: Kata “يَذْهَبَا” pada contoh dasarnya masih ada huruf nunnya “يَذْهَبَانِ”. Dikarenakan masuk amil nashib (أَنْ) yang tugasnya menashab fi’il mudhari’.
Maka, karena tanda nashab bagi af’alul khomsah adalah dengan buang nun, maka hilanglah huruf nun pada contoh.
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