Ghoorib.com Tanda nashab dalam i’rob ilmu nahwu ada 5 macam: Fathah, Alif, Kasrah, Yaa, dan buang huruf nun.
Dalam pembahasan i’rob, cara mengetahui sebuah kata atau kalimat yang berposisi nashab/manshub dalam ilmu nahwu yaitu dengan mengetahui tandanya.
Fathah
Fathah adalah tanda dasar bagi nashab. Sisanya adalah ganti daripada Fathah, yaitu Alif (ا), Kasrah (ِ), Yaa (ي), dan buang huruf nun.
Adapun Fathah(َ) menjadi tanda nashab pada 3 tempat:
- Isim mufrad
- Jamak taksir
- Fi’il mudhari’ jika didahului amil (faktor) nashab dan tidak bersambung dengan apapun setelahnya.
Pada isim Mufrad
Contoh:
رَأَيْتُ الطِّفْلَ = Aku melihat seorang anak kecil.
الطِّفْلَ : Isim mufrad manshub, tanda nashabnya Fathah yang tampak di atas huruf akhir kata tersebut.
Contoh dalam Al-Qur’an:
{وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوْبَ}
Q.s Al-An’am: 84
{وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوْبَ}
Q.s Al-An’am: 84
{وَإذْ وَاعَدْنَا مُوْسَى}
Q.s Al-baqarah: 51
Q.s Al-baqarah: 51
Pada jamak taksir
Contoh:
اَمْلِكُ الأَمْوَالَ = Aku memiliki beberapa harta.
الأَمْوَالَ : Jamak taksir manshub, tanda nashabnya Fathah yang tampak di atas huruf akhir.
Contoh dalam Al-Qur’an:
{وَتَرَى الجِبَالَ إِذَ تَحْسَبُهَا جَامِدَةً}
Q.s An-Namlu: 88
{وَتَرَى الجِبَالَ إِذَ تَحْسَبُهَا جَامِدَةً}
Q.s An-Namlu: 88
{وَعَدَكُمُ اللهُ مَغَنِمَ كَثِيْرَةً}
Q.s Al-Fath: 20
Q.s Al-Fath: 20
Pada Fi’il Mudhari’ (bersyarat)
Syaratnya adalah jika didahului amil (faktor) nashab dan tidak bersambung dengan apapun setelahnya.
Jika pada pembahasan tanda rofa’ dengan dhummah, disana fi’il mudhari’ dirofa’ dengan dhummah (ُ) jika tidak bersambung dengan apapun.
Sedangkan disini pada pembahasan tanda nashab dengan Fathah, ada penambahan syarat lainnya. Yaitu: jika didahului amil (faktor) nashab.
Para ulama nahwu mengatakan, ada 2 syarat Fathah(َ) agar bisa menjadi tanda nashab/manshub pada fi’il mudhari’.
Pertama, Jika masuk/didahului oleh amil nashab. Syarat ini wajib, karena tidak bisa nashab jika tidak ada amil nashab yang masuk ke atasnya.
Kedua, Tidak bersambung dengan apapun setelahnya. Maksud “setelahnya” disini adalah nun taukid (نّ) dan nun niswah.
Nun niswah adalah nun pada fi’il (kata kerja) perempuan (يَفْعِلْنَ).
Jika fi’il mudhari’ bersambung dengan nun taukid dan nun niswah. Maka, tidak bisa dinashab dengan fathah.
Contoh:
لَنْ يَذْهَبَ الرَّجُلُ
لَنْ يَذْهَبَ الرَّجُلُ
Kalimat ini sudah memenuhi syarat untuk nashab dengan fathah. Ada amil nashab dan tidak bersambung dengan apapun.
لَنْ = Huruf nashab, sebagai amil nashab.
بَ = Huruf Ba’ pada fi’il di atas adalah huruf terakhir dan tidak bersambung dengan apapun.
بَ = Huruf Ba’ pada fi’il di atas adalah huruf terakhir dan tidak bersambung dengan apapun.
Contoh yang salah:
الرَّجُلَانِ لَنْ يَذْهَبَانِ
Contoh ini tidak termasuk dalam Fathah sebagai tanda nashab, karena fi’il mudhari’-nya bersambung dengan alif tasniyyah.
النِّسَاءُ لَنْ يَذْهَبْنَ
Contoh ini tidak termasuk dalam Fathah sebagai tanda nashab, karena fi’il mudhari’-nya bersambung dengan huruf nun niswah.
Contoh ini tidak termasuk dalam Fathah sebagai tanda nashab, karena fi’il mudhari’-nya bersambung dengan huruf nun niswah.
الطَّلِبُ لَنْ يَذْهَبَنَّ
Contoh ini tidak termasuk dalam Fathah sebagai tanda nashab, karena fi’il mudhari’-nya bersambung dengan huruf nun taukid.
Contoh ini tidak termasuk dalam Fathah sebagai tanda nashab, karena fi’il mudhari’-nya bersambung dengan huruf nun taukid.
Alif(ا)
Alif merupakan ganti dari Fathah sebagai tanda nashob.
Alif menjadi tanda nashab pada asmaul khomsah atau isim yang lima.
Adapun asmaul khomsah itu yaitu:
- أَبُوْكَ = Ayah, Bapak
- أخُوْكَ = Saudara
- حَمُّوْكَ = Paman
- فُوْكَ = Mulut
- ذُوْ مَالٍ = Pemilik harta
Dalam beberapa kitab nahwu ada penambahan satu isim lagi yaitu “هَنُوْكَ” sehingga jumlahnya menjadi 6 (enam).
Maka, namanya menjadi isim yang enam atau disebut juga dengan Asmaus sittah.
“هَنُوْكَ” berarti sesuatu julukan kepada yang kotor atau buruk seperti aib.
Contoh asmaul khomsah nashab beserta i’robanya dalam bahasa Arab:
Aku muliakan (akan) saudaramu = أكْرَمتُ أَخَاكَ
أكْرَمتُ = فِعْلٌ مَاضٍ وَفَاعِلٌ
أَخَا = مَفْعُوْلٌ بِهِ مَنْصُوْبٌ وَعَلَامَتُهُ نَصْبِهِ الأَلِفُ نِيَابَةً عَنِ الفَتْحَةِ وَهُوَ مُضَافٌ
كَ = مُضَافٌ إلَيْهِ
Contoh Asmaul Khomsah nashob dalam Al-Qur’an:
{مَا كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ أَبآ أَحَدٍ مّنْ رِّجَالِكُمْ}
Q.s Al-Ahzab: 40
{وَنَحْفَظُ أَخَانَا}
Q.s Yusuf: 65
Kasrah(ِ)
Kasrah(ِ) merupakan ganti dari Fathah sebagai tanda nashab dalam i’rob ilmu nahwu.
Kasrah menjadi tanda bagi nashab pada jamak muannats salim.
Definisi Jamak Muannats Salim
جَمْعُ المُؤَنَّثِ السّالِمِ = إِنَّهُ مَا دَلَّ عَلَى ثَلَاثَةٍ فَاَكْثَرَ بِزِيَادَةِ الأَلِفِ وَالتّاءِ مَعَ سَلَامَةِ بِنَاءِ المُفْرَدِ
Jamak Muannats Salim adalah sesuatu kata yang menunjuki (jumlah) tiga atau lebih dengan penambahan alif dan ta’ serta selamat bentuk mufradnya.
Contoh lihat pada gambar dibawah ini:
Perhatikan huruf yang bercetak merah, itu adalah tanda jamak muannats salim.
Adapun maksud dari kata “selamat bentuk mufradnya” adalh tidak berubah bentuk katanya dari mufrad hingga jamak, perhatikan yang berwarna biru.
Maka, Kasrah(ِ) menjadi tanda bagi nashab pada jamak muannats salim.
Hukum jamak muannats salim dinashab dengan kasrah, artinya tanda nashabnya itu kasrah. Contoh jamak muannats salim manshub. Perhatikan gambar berikut:
Yaa(ي)
Yaa(ي) merupakan ganti dari Fathah sebagai tanda nashab dalam i’rob ilmu nahwu.
Yaa(ي) menjadi tanda bagi nashob pada Mutsanna dan Jamak Muzakkar Salim.
Mutsanna
Berikut definisi mutsanna:
المُثنَّى = مَا دَلَّ عَلَى اثْنَيْنِ أَوْ اثْنَتَيْنِ
Mutsanna adalah kata yang menunjukkan 2 (dua), baik muzakkar maupun muannats.
Contoh Mutsanna ketika nasab:
دَعَوْتُ الطَّالِبَيْنِ = Aku panggil 2 orang murid
رَأَيْتُ الفَتَاتَيْنِ = Aku lihat 2 orang gadis
يَاْكُلُ أَحْمَدُ بَيْضَتَيْنِ = Ahmad makan 2 telur
Jamak Muzakkar Salim
Pengertian jamak muzakkar salim sudah kita sebutka di atas tadi pada masalah jamak muannats salim, pengertiannya sama.
Jamak muzakkar salim adalah jamak untuk laki-laki, sedangkan jamak muannats salim penggunaanya untuk perempuan.
Jamak muzakkar Salim dirofa’ dengan dhummah, dinasab dengan yaa’, dan dijar dengan yaa’.
Contoh jamak muzakkar salim ketika nashob:
نَظَرْتُ المُؤْمِنِيْنَ = Aku lihat orang beriman
عَلّمَ الأسْتَاذُ الطَّالِبِيْن = Ustaz mengajari para murid
اَكْرَمْتُ المُعَلِّمِيْنَ = Aku hormati para guru
Buang Huruf Nun
Buang huruf nun (ن) merupakan ganti dari Fathah sebagai tanda nashab dalam i’rob ilmu nahwu.
Buang huruf nun (ن) menjadi tanda bagi nashab pada Af’alul Khomsah atau isim yang lima yang rofa’nya dengan tetap huruf nun.
Seperti namanya Af’alul khomsah ada 5. Lihat tabel berikut:
| Fi’il | Arti |
|---|---|
| يَفْعَلُوْنَ | Mereka (laki-laki) melakukan |
| تَفْعَلُوْنَ | Mereka (perempuan) melakukan |
| يَفْعَلَانِ | Mereka (2 org laki-laki) melakukan |
| تَفْعَلَانِ | Mereka (2 org perempuan) melakukan |
| تَفْعَلِيْنَ | Kamu (perempuan) melakukan |
Fi’il-fi’il yang berjumlah lima ini dirofa’ dengan tetap huruf nun dan ketika dinashab dengan buang huruf nun.
Contoh af’alul khomsah ketika nashab:
أَنْ يَذْهَبَا = Dua lelaki itu akan pergi
أَنْ يَذْهَبَا = Dua lelaki itu akan pergi
Penjelasan:
Kata “يَذْهَبَا” pada contoh dasarnya masih ada huruf nunnya “يَذْهَبَانِ”. Dikarenakan masuk amil nashib (أَنْ) yang tugasnya menashab fi’il mudhari’.
Kata “يَذْهَبَا” pada contoh dasarnya masih ada huruf nunnya “يَذْهَبَانِ”. Dikarenakan masuk amil nashib (أَنْ) yang tugasnya menashab fi’il mudhari’.
Maka, karena tanda nashab bagi af’alul khomsah adalah dengan buang nun, maka hilanglah huruf nun pada contoh.
I’robnya:
| حَرْفٌ نَاصِبٌ | أَنْ |
|---|---|
| فِعْلٌ مُضَارِعٌ وَهُوَ مَنْصُوْبٌ بِأَنْ وَعَلَامَةُ نَصْبِهِ حَذْفُ النُّوْنِ لأَنَّهُ مِن أَفْعَالِ الخَمْسَةِ | يَذْهَبَا |
Sumber:
Kitab Syarah Jurumiyyah
Kitab Kawakib Ad-Durriyyah
whoah this blog is excellent i love reading your articles. Keep up the good work! You know, many people are hunting around for this information, you can help them greatly.
Keep functioning ,terrific job!
Hey, you used to write excellent, but the last few posts have been kinda boringK I miss your super writings. Past several posts are just a little out of track! come on!
I haven’t checked in here for a while since I thought it was getting boring, but the last few posts are good quality so I guess I’ll add you back to my everyday bloglist. You deserve it my friend 🙂
What i do not understood is actually how you’re now not really much more smartly-appreciated than you may be right now. You’re very intelligent. You know thus significantly on the subject of this subject, made me in my opinion consider it from a lot of numerous angles. Its like men and women don’t seem to be involved until it’s something to accomplish with Girl gaga! Your personal stuffs outstanding. All the time handle it up!
Would you be involved in exchanging links?
Hi, I think your site might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, fantastic blog!
I’ve learn several excellent stuff here. Definitely value bookmarking for revisiting. I wonder how much attempt you set to make this type of excellent informative website.
Great write-up, I?¦m regular visitor of one?¦s site, maintain up the nice operate, and It is going to be a regular visitor for a long time.
I?¦ll right away clutch your rss feed as I can not find your e-mail subscription link or newsletter service. Do you’ve any? Kindly allow me understand in order that I could subscribe. Thanks.
Generally I do not read article on blogs, but I wish to say that this write-up very forced me to try and do it! Your writing style has been surprised me. Thanks, quite nice post.
Really enjoyed this blog article. Really Great.
Do you mind if I quote a couple of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources back to your website? My blog is in the very same area of interest as yours and my visitors would truly benefit from some of the information you present here. Please let me know if this ok with you. Thanks!
I truly appreciate this blog post.Much thanks again. Awesome.
I really enjoy the blog post.Much thanks again. Awesome.
Thanks-a-mundo for the article.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
Very good article post.Really looking forward to read more. Awesome.
Great blog article.Thanks Again. Keep writing.
I loved your article.Thanks Again. Keep writing.
Very good blog post.Much thanks again. Fantastic.
Say, you got a nice blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Much obliged.
Thanks-a-mundo for the blog. Cool.
Awesome blog post.Really thank you! Really Cool.
Thanks again for the post.Thanks Again. Awesome.
I appreciate you sharing this blog post. Keep writing.
A big thank you for your post.Really looking forward to read more. Will read on…
A big thank you for your article.Thanks Again. Cool.
Muchos Gracias for your blog article.Thanks Again. Want more.
Perfectly composed content, Really enjoyed examining.
Major thanks for the post. Much obliged.
I am so grateful for your article post.Really looking forward to read more.
Major thankies for the blog.Really looking forward to read more. Great.
Major thanks for the blog article.Really thank you! Cool.
Really enjoyed this article.Thanks Again. Cool.
A round of applause for your blog post.Really looking forward to read more. Will read on…
I appreciate you sharing this blog.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
Very good article post.Really thank you! Much obliged.
I really liked your article post.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
I really like and appreciate your article post. Really Great.
Thanks-a-mundo for the blog.Much thanks again. Keep writing.
I truly appreciate this blog post.Really looking forward to read more.
Very neat blog post.Really thank you! Cool.
Thanks again for the blog.Really thank you! Fantastic.
Muchos Gracias for your post.Much thanks again. Really Cool.
Thanks a lot for the blog post.Much thanks again. Great.
Im grateful for the blog article.Much thanks again.
Hey, thanks for the article post. Really Great.
Im thankful for the blog article.
Wow, great blog post.
Thanks for sharing, this is a fantastic post.Thanks Again. Keep writing.
Say, you got a nice article post. Really Great.
Thank you for your article post.Much thanks again. Cool.
Really enjoyed this blog.Much thanks again. Really Cool.
Im thankful for the article.Much thanks again. Awesome.
wow, awesome blog article. Cool.
Major thanks for the blog post.Really looking forward to read more.
I really liked your article.Really thank you! Awesome.
I really enjoy the post.Thanks Again. Much obliged.
Say, you got a nice blog post.Thanks Again. Cool.
I’d should examine with you here. Which isn’t one thing I normally do! I enjoy studying a post that can make people think. Also, thanks for permitting me to comment!
Hey, thanks for the article post. Cool.
I appreciate you sharing this blog.Really thank you!
writing dissertations dissertation writing services
Thanks so much for the blog article.Thanks Again. Fantastic.
Respect to article author, some excellent selective information.
An impressive share, I just given this onto a colleague who was doing a little analysis on this. And he in fact bought me breakfast because I found it for him.. smile. So let me reword that: Thnx for the treat! But yeah Thnkx for spending the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love reading more on this topic. If possible, as you become expertise, would you mind updating your blog with more details? It is highly helpful for me. Big thumb up for this blog post!
Why viewers still use to read news papers when in this technological globe everything is
available on net?
Also visit my web page – vpn coupon code 2024
I wanted to thank you for this fantastic read!! I certainly enjoyed every bit of it.
I have got you book marked to look at new things
you post…
Also visit my blog post – vpn special code
Just desire to say your article is as astounding. The
clarity in your post is just nice and i can assume you’re an expert on this subject.
Fine with your permission allow me to grab your RSS feed to keep updated
with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please
continue the gratifying work.
My homepage vpn special code
Excellent website. A lot of useful info here. I am sending it to several friends ans also sharing in delicious. And of course, thanks in your effort!
Thanks for the auspicious writeup. It actually used to be a amusement account
it. Glance complicated to far delivered agreeable from you!
However, how can we be in contact?
my web-site; vpn coupon 2024
Good day! I know this is somewhat off topic but I was wondering which blog platform are you using for this website? I’m getting fed up of WordPress because I’ve had problems with hackers and I’m looking at alternatives for another platform. I would be great if you could point me in the direction of a good platform.
Thank you for the good writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to far added agreeable from you! However, how could we communicate?
Somebody essentially help to make seriously articles I’d state. This is the first time I frequented your web page and thus far? I amazed with the analysis you made to create this particular put up extraordinary. Great task!
Once I originally commented I clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now every time a comment is added I get 4 emails with the same comment. Is there any method you may remove me from that service? Thanks!
I love your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you create this website yourself? Plz reply back as I’m looking to create my own blog and would like to know wheere u got this from. thanks
There are definitely numerous particulars like that to take into consideration. That is a great level to convey up. I offer the ideas above as general inspiration but clearly there are questions like the one you deliver up where the most important factor will probably be working in sincere good faith. I don?t know if greatest practices have emerged round things like that, however I’m positive that your job is clearly identified as a good game. Both girls and boys really feel the affect of only a moment’s pleasure, for the rest of their lives.
I genuinely enjoy reading through on this site, it has got great blog posts.