Tujuan Mempelajari Ilmu Bahasa
- Untuk memahami hakikat, fenomena bahasa, dan unsur-unsur yang menyusun bahasa tersebut.
- Untuk memahami fungsi bahasa yang digunakan dalam kehidupan ummat manusia.
- Untuk memahami kaitan ilmu bahasa dengan fenomena maupun aspek kehidupan, seperti aspek sosial, kejiwaan, sejarah, geografi, ilmu alam, psikologi, biologi, antropologi dll.
- Untuk memahami model-model perkembangan bahasa di berbagai kalangan masyarakat dan bangsa serta dalam berbagai masa atau zaman.
- Untuk menyingkap kaidah-kaidah yang menyusun bahasa untuk mudah dipahami. Tujuan ke-5 ini merupakan tujuan mendasar dalam mempelajari ilmu lughah.
Fungsi Ilmu Bahasa
- Mendeskripsikan rumpun bahasa juga bahasa-bahasa yang dimiliki oleh manusia.
- Menelaah faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi bahasa mengapa tetap eksis serta menyingkap seputar kaidah-kaidahnya. Contohnya, Mengapa bahasa Inggris digunakan hampir di seluruh dunia atau menjadi bahasa Internasional?
- Membatasi pengertian dan bidang-bidang yang sesuai dalam ilmu bahasa.
Kegunaan Praktis Ilmu Bahasa
Kegunaan praktis ilmu bahasa adalah kegunaan secara terapan/praktek dalam kehidupan sehari-hari antara lain:
- Memberi arahan kepada kita untuk menemukan media yang sesuai dalam pembelajaran bahasa.
- Untuk mengetahui metode penyusunan buku kaidah dan sastra bahasa.
- Para pemikir menetapkan ilmu bahasa sebagai solusi bagi masalah-masalah yang terdapat dalam pembelajaran bahasa.
Teori Munculnya Bahasa Manusia
Setidaknya ada dua teori yang viral dalam kacamata ilmu bahasa yaitu:
1. Teori Vertikal/Ilham/Wahyu
- Bahasa diilhamkan kepada manusia.
- Plato berpendapat bahwa bahasa adalah fenomena alam.
- Ibnu Faris:” Bahasa arab itu bahasa vertikal” dalil nya adalah “وعلم أدم الأسماء كلها”
2. Teori Horizontal (dibentuk)
- Bahasa dibentuk oleh manusia karena kebutuhan.
- Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah berpendapat bahwa masyarakat berkumpul dan menamakan sesuatu dengan sebuah nama yang disepakati.
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