Isytighal Dan Pembagian-Pembagiannya
Berikut tiga pengertian isytighal dari beberpa sumber :
الإشتغال هو ان يتقدمَ اسم على عامل من حقه ان ينصبه لو لا اشتغاله عنه بالعمال في ضمير
هو ان يتقدم اسم ويتأخر عنه فعل ويكون هذا الفعل مشغولا بالعمال في ضمير وهذا الضمير يعود الى الإسم المتقدم بحيث لو حذفنا هذا الضمير لكان حق الإسم المتقدم ان يكون منصوبا
هو وقوع فعل بين الإسم و ضمير فيجوز رفع الإسم و نصبه
Dalam isytigal harus ada 3 unsur
1. Isim yang didahulukan/musytaghal ‘anhu
2. Fiil
3. Dhamir yamg kembali kepada isim
Isytighal harus rafa’ ketika :
1. Kalau fiil yag menjadi masygul itu sifat bagi isim yg didahulukan
Contoh : ٌٌٌكلُّ شيءٍ فعلُوهُ خير
Contoh : ُُخالدٌ الذي اكرمتُه
3. Fiil yang masyghul jadi mudhaf ilaih
Contoh : محمدٌ حبن تراه تفرح
4. Kata kata yg khusus diposisi ibtida’
Contoh : ُخرجت فإذا اللصُّ يضربه الشرطي
5. Apabila fiil atau masyghul anhu terletak setelah in syartiyyah atau hal istifhamiyah
Contoh : محمدٌ ان قبلته فسلّم عليه
خالدٌ هل تحبه
Isim yang menjadi masyghul anhu wajib nasab ketika : 1. Didahului oleh huruf-huruf atau kata-kata yang khusus masuk kepada fiil sehingga isim itu menjadi maful bih dari fiil yg ditakdirkan.
Huruf -hurufnya :
- هلّ
- لو لا
- لوما
- Huruf istifham selain hamzah
- Atau setelah huruf syarat
Contoh :
هل محمدًا أكرمته
ها محمدًا قاتلته
متى عبدُالله رأيته
ان عليًّا لقيته فسلم عليه
اذا سعيدًا لقيته فأكرمته
2. Nasab nya itu karena fiil yang ditakdirkan sebelumnya yang letaknya setelah huruf-huruf yang disebutkan tadi.
Iystighal lebih baik nasab ketika :
1. Apabila setelah masyghul ‘anhu ada fiil amar yang bersambung dhamir yang kembali ke isim sebelum fiil amar.
– محمدا اتبعه
– عليا لا تهمله
– محمودا ليكرمه عمرو
– حذر عبدَ الله وأخاه أكرمته
Lebih baik rafa’ ketika : 1. Tidak ada sesuatu yang mewajibkan rafa’ atau nasab atau berada dalam posisi standar
2. Lebih kuat posisinya sebagai mubtada’
Note :
- Iza fujaiyah adalah huruf iza yang artinya tiba tiba
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